Low attendances are a worry for game in UAE

Introduction There is need for organizations to understand the composition of international marketing to enable managers come up with successful strategies that can work within the global market. Operation of business activities sometimes takes place in complex environments where the businesses face high risks and uncertainties. This calls for necessary knowledge and skills in marketing and business activities that enables effective competition of the firm with others within the market (Doole and Lowe 3).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Low attendances are a worry for game in UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Marketers in sporting events are faced with the challenge of finding out important factors that lure people towards or away from sporting events. High pricing of the tickets is considered one of the major factors affecting match attendance in UAE stadiums. The games receive poor publicity in the media leaving the people with the notion that the tickets might be selling at very high prices. There is almost no advertising of these games and considering also that few people are either interested or play the games. The slow processing and sale of tickets is also one of the contributing factors for lack of motivation towards the games within UAE. Also tight security around the stadiums which sometimes leads to confiscation of spectator items is one of the discouraging incidences contributing to low match attendance (AFP 1). The rate at which people attend matches in stadiums is one of the potential sources of revenues. According to Cunningham and Kwon (139), the factors affecting fan turn out should not only be looked at theoretically but should be reviewed practically. There is the problem of marketing sports in UAE due to complexity in consumer behaviours and communication procedures. United Arab Emirates experiences low attendees in stadiums during matches because the people are cultured towards watching cinemas and visiting shopping malls. The attendance to football games have dropped drastically in the recent times with the number recording few hundreds of spectators per match. The entertainment sectors like cinemas are more popular in UAE than the games. This calls for effort by marketers in designing strategies on how to market football culture within UAE. The passion of football need to be restored back to the culture, this can be done through empowerment of youths, and creation of strong relationship between sports heroes and the fans. Concerning the tight security round and within the stadiums, sports management should provide alternatives to fans, like introduction of open glasses of water to the fans (Rivzi 1). Poor promotion of the domestic leagues makes fans not to be informed about the games and the venue of matches. There is need to adopt other marketing mix elements like communication to replace the traditional free entry to football.Adver tising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Problem Statement This research seeks to answer the question as to why football fans in United Arab Emirates do not attend matches at the stadium. From the sports administration view the sale of match tickets to fans is one of the important ways of raising revenue and also helps in promoting sporting activities within the country. Literature review There are many factors that affect the level of attendance on matches hosted in stadiums. Cunningham and Kwon (127), showed some factors which include the existing relationship between attitude and the reasons of attending a match. There is suggestion that teams should increase the level of interaction between players and fans. It is also important for teams to advertise their historical background which can act as a pulling factor to some fans. It is the responsibility of sports management to identify some of phenomenon that goes with sporting events that may be of interest to the satisfaction of fans needs. UAE football association was established in the year 1971 and has since struggled with the issue of maintaining good fan base. The association has so much focused on sponsorship driven football, where they invite European top team players for the purposes of improving public relations between sports and the people (Madichie 308-318). According to Coughlin and Erekson (180-185), football is one of the most attended games and its contribution acts as the primary determinant of revenue contribution to the sporting department. The ability of converting regular attendee of matches in UAE to season ticket holder and attract more fans depends on a number of factors which include the ability to field winning teams (DeSchriver). This seems tricky on the side of administration since it is not easy to maintain winning team on a yearly basis. The sports games must be made more i nteresting to keep the fans at the level where they long for more of such experiences seasonally. There is also a lot of concern by fans on the physical surroundings of the stadiums and security. According to Bitner (57-71), the physical environment of any sporting stadium matters a lot and determines the level of consumer turn out.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Low attendances are a worry for game in UAE specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The type of services plays important role towards determining the rate at which consumers frequent the any leisure setting. In applying the type of services concept to social settings, Wakefield and Blodgett (66-71), experimented with two Baseball stadia and found out that most of the fans who commented positively on the quality of type of services were most likely to frequent the stadium for future events. This is contrary to those who had negative comments on the st adia services, since they were less likely to be back for future events. Quality services of a stadium are mostly determined by the crowd capacity it can contain comfortably in one match setting. Other factors like team loyalty were found to be one of the factors that affect fans’ desire to frequent games at given stadiums. There are other variables like parking space, spectators control and the quality of food served within the stadium restaurants. This shows that sports arena is one of the major factors that affect the rate of attendance of matches within stadiums and the decision by fans to purchase more tickets in future games. Study on the attendance behaviour during games is considered to be influenced by psychological, economic and social factors. Kelman’s Functional Psychological theory of attitudinal Influence measures the motivational tools that influences match attendance in stadiums. This theory applies some constructs such as sense of obligation and identi fication with the victory (Kahle, Kambara and Rose, 51-60). Then there is the social theory that uses the concept of casual social nature of human being. This stresses the fact that sporting events should be utilized as places for healthy interactions between people of diverse backgrounds. The games should have clear definitions on the nature of fans and the duration of matches. There should also be clear sense of fanaticism for specified events and enough room for socialization. Boundaries are drawn concerning the level of noise from the crowd within the stadium and the level of interactions between players and fans. Restrictions should be made on some negative behaviour like smoking and high ticket prices (Kahle, Kambara and Rose, 51-60). Hypothesis The rate of attendance in any match in UAE stadiums is dependent on the value fans attach to tickets based on the level of quality entertainment brought by the game There is no relationship between the value of the ticket and the qual ity of entertainment that fans attach to games Research methods Telephone surveys were conducted to randomly selected fans who were asked to explain on what motivates them to attend matches. They were also asked on their frequency on game attendance. Research was conducted on some households to ascertain on the influence of community beliefs on certain aspects of games. This revealed that community disapproval of any game affects the general view and attendance towards the game.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Variables related to stadium services such as parking space, security of fans and quality food were examined. The data was finally analysed using SPSS package which showed any relationship that existed between independent and dependent variables. Correlation research was used to determine the level of similarity between dependent and other independent variables (Gall et al). Correlation is the most preferred method since it helps in revealing the factors that determine frequency of attendance of fans to matches hosted within stadiums. The only disadvantage associated with correlation research design is that it gives more descriptive results than those given by use of experimental methods. Results The findings identified several categories of fans, those who were highly involved in sporting activities, those who are significantly involved and those not very concerned about sporting activities. The first category of highly motivated fans considers matches as point of influence from wh ich they can build their sense of importance. This kind of fan enjoys the matches and appreciates the entertainment that goes with it. In this case the marketers can utilize marketing of specific events with detailed information about the teams to attract such like fans. The second group were found to be attracted by the organization and setting of the stadium during the matches. Then the third group of lowly motivated are only attracted to the game leaders or highly rated players. This calls for marketers to consider serious marketing on league leaders, top scorers or highly rated players. Conclusion There is call for sporting managers to strategise on how to build stadiums that are more comfortable for fans. The stadiums should include adequate ventilation space and temperature regulators that make it conducive for interactions. Marketers should focus on how to provide promotions that enable easy interactions between fans and top players and also create spaces that allow the fans to air their views through media. This helps in promoting fan identification which increases the level of enjoyment that accompanies sporting activities within the stadium. There is need to introduce prize draws for attraction purposes. This is where valuable products are presented to winners at sporting events. Though there is still belief that the best way to attract fans is through signing high profile players and involving participation of top continental teams within the sporting events, the use of incentives is still applicable (Rivzi 1). Works Cited AFP. Confusion, apathy explains poor games ticket sales. 2010. https://www.emirates247.com/ 26th October, 2010 Bitner, Mary. â€Å"Type of services: The impact of physical surroundings on customers And employees†. Journal of Marketing, 56 (1992): 57-71. Coughlin, Cletus. Homer, Erekson. â€Å"An Examination of Contributions to Support Intercollegiate Athletics†. Southern Economic Journal 51(1984):180-195. Cunningham Kwon. â€Å"The Theory of Planned Behaviour and Intentions to Attend a Sport Event†. Sport Management Review 6(2003): 127-145 DeSchriver, Timothy. â€Å"Factors affecting spectator attendance at NCAA Division II Football contests†. International Sports Journal, 3(1999):55-65. Doole, Isobel Robin, Lowe. International marketing strategy. South- Western Cengage Learning, London, 2008 Gall, Mark, Wiener, Borg Gall, Cheryl. Educational Research: An introduction (6thed.). White Plains, NY: Longman Publishers USA, 1996. Print Kahle, Lynn, Kambara, Rose. â€Å"A functional model of fan attendance Motivations for college football†. Sport Marketing Quarterly, 5 (1996): 51-60. Madichie, Nnamdi. â€Å"Professional Sports: a new ‘services’ consumption mantra in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)†. The Marketing Review, 9 (2009a): 308-318. Rivzi, Ahmed, 2009, Low attendances are a worry for game in UAE. 2009.  Web. Wakefield Blodgett. â€Å"The import ance of type of services in leisure Service settings†. The Journal of Services Marketing, 8(1994): 66-76. This research paper on Low attendances are a worry for game in UAE was written and submitted by user Aurora Gentry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Ancient Pottery essays

Ancient Pottery essays Clearly Greek pottery was not simply utilitarian but it also reflected the social and cultural values of the artists. Ancient Greek pottery was intended for everyday use but as well as being functional it was often beautifully decorated. Archaeologists rely heavily on pottery as important evidence for reconstructing Greek life. It provides us with important documentation about their culture through painted scenes, especially on Attic Black and Red figure vessels. A large number of these scenes illustrate the myths and legends of the ancient Greeks. Through these we find an interpretation of the stories and a picture of how they viewed their deities. Because of the Artists tendency to label the individual characters in a legend, we are able to sometimes piece together parts of scenes from lost plays or even unusual myths. Evidence for the way in which Greek tragedy and comedy was staged is also available through depicted scenes on the vases. And other decorated pots also provided us w ith valuable information about dress and objects of everyday life. The painters usually signed their work. This gives us a firm basis of the artists style or preferred subject matter. By studying which potters and painters worked together, specialists have been able to gather more information about the time period in which these artists worked. Using this information, researchers have been able to categorize the pots and learn of their cultural influences at the time. The Geometric period from 1000-700 BC began in the dark ages, depicting marine and plants of the Bronze Age. They were soon abandoned in favor of Geometric Patterns. These designs consisted of simple shapes such as zigzags and triangles. In the 9th and 8th century BC bands of decoration featuring animals and humans were added. As the Greeks increased their contact with foreigners, oriental motifs such as lotuses, palms, lions and monsters became common. This was known as the Orientaliz...

Accounting For Depreciation In Relation With Fixed Assets - Samples

This reflection essay will be based on my learning experience in relation to the accounting for depreciation in the context of fixed assets. Prior to this assessment, two research proposals have been developed in relation to this topic and with the help of various analyses, it has been evaluated that depreciation is a type of expense for the organization and this should be marked every year in the financial statements. This also helps the company to analyse the current value of the assets along with the rate of depreciation which needs to be imposed (Epstein & McFarlan, 2011). Based on my experience and learning from previous assessments, I learned the significance and the necessity of depreciation in an organization. There are two types of assets current and fixed assets. Current assets are those which can be liquidated within the one year from purchase and fixed assets are those which take more than one year to be liquidated. Amongst the various measures for measuring the value of fixed assets, I have realised that conservative approach will help the organization gain the appropriate results as per the expectations. This approach provides clear and accurate information regarding estimating the value of the fixed assets (Kang & Zhao, 2010). Apart from this, I also learned that these approaches are capable enough to cover all the charges in relation to all types of other expenses which would generate clear outcomes in relation to financial statements. As per my opinion, depreciation is quite a useful thing in estimating the actual life of fixed assets and it leads to increase in the costs of those assets. Fixed assets are long-term tangible properties for organization which helps to generate revenues and to accomplishes the functionalities of organization in an appropriate manner. I realised that the concept of depreciations implemented with the view to increase fixed costs with the view to decrease the profit margin. With the help of depreciation, anticipated fixed costs are increased dramatically and organization could easily determine their profits that will also include the expenses of depreciation (Radu & Marius, 2011). On the basis of topic of the research proposal "accounting for depreciation in relation with fixed assets", I have analysed that various accounting entries need to be made to charge the fixed asset as an expense at the end of its life cycle. With the help of these entries, long time usage of the fixed assets could also be reflected. Depreciation is a charge which is imposed on the fixed asset in order to analyse its expected life. For a period of time, fixed assets could be used along with gradually decreasing its value. Along with this, I also realised that on one side depreciation is being charged to record the expense against fixed asset's cost where, on the other hand, revenues are also recorded which are originated from its utilisation. In my opinion, if whole depreciation has been charged in the first year of purchase of the asset then also revenues would be originated from its usage and those will also be reflected in the financial statements of the organization. As per my lea rning experience, this will create negative impact over the financial performance of the organization because revenues and the expenses will not match for the further time period and it will be against the matching principle. Thus, I have realised that charges of depreciation need to be recorded for all the years in which fixed asset has been used for generating revenues (Christensen & Nikolaev, 2013). While evaluating the previous assessments, I have realised that all these theories and concepts are just theoretical aspects which differs from the actual outcomes. Revenues cannot be generated with one asset irrespective of its nature i.e. current or fixed. Revenues are originated from the production process and this process indulges group of assets. Apart from this, I have also realised that the depreciation is an expense which is being charged against the cost of the asset in relation to the revenues. The same procedure is being followed for several years till the time, value of that particular asset becomes nil. In the absence of depreciation, whole cost of the fixed asset will be charged in the year of its purchase which will lead to decline in the rate of profits for the organization. In the year under which fixed assets have been purchased, profits of the company will be less in comparison to the past years and future years (Giarola, Shah & Bezzo, 2012). Further, in the next y ear, profits will gradually increase which will leads to mismatch concept. For adopting the principle of consistency, it is required to charge the depreciation against the cost of fixed asset in relation to maintaining the appropriate rate of profits and to show growth of the organization. With the help of this theory, organization will be able to attain its desired goals as well as organization will easily be able to attract the public for raising the capital (Kieso, Weygandt & Warfield, 2010). It is necessary to evaluate the factors of depreciation as it plays crucial role in understanding both terms i.e. concept of depreciation and the significance of depreciation.   Along with the factors, measures should also be evaluated which are required for evaluating the rate of depreciation which could provide maximum benefits to the organization. Following factors have been evaluated by me after analysing the above assessments: In my opinion, depreciation is linked to various issues such as it does not relate to the current value of the asset. Depreciation is charged on the past value of the asset in which it has been purchased irrespective of its current value. While making the company’s cash flow and other financial statements, depreciation becomes the major issue. Depreciation cannot be applied to the intangible assets and for amortization is being implemented over these assets with the help of straight-line method (Feng & Figliozzi, 2013). Thus, in my point of view depreciation plays crucial role in terms of maintaining the organizational profitability. Depreciation helps the organization to determine the life of asset and it is charged gradually in respect of its life period. Along with this, depreciation should be charged against the cost of the fixed asset and in the first few years of purchase of the asset, amount of depreciation should be charged more in comparison with the further years (Crosby, Devaney & Nanda, 2016).   Christensen, H.B. and Nikolaev, V.V., 2013. Does fair value accounting for non-financial assets pass the market test?.  Review of Accounting Studies,  18(3), pp.734-775. Crosby, N., Devaney, S. and Nanda, A., 2016. Which factors drive rental depreciation rates for office and industrial properties? Journal of Real Estate Research,  38(3), pp.359-392. Epstein, M.J. and McFarlan, F.W., 2011. Measuring the efficiency and effectiveness of a nonprofit's performance.  Strategic finance,  93(4), pp.27-35. Feng, W. and Figliozzi, M., 2013. An economic and technological analysis of the key factors affecting the competitiveness of electric commercial vehicles: A case study from the USA market.  Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,  26, pp.135-145. Giarola, S., Shah, N. and Bezzo, F., 2012. A comprehensive approach to the design of ethanol supply chains including carbon trading effects.  Bioresource technology,  107, pp.175-185. Kang, S.H. and Zhao, Y., 2010. Information content and value relevance of depreciation: a cross-industry analysis.  The Accounting Review,  85(1), pp.227-260. Kieso, D.E., Weygandt, J.J. and Warfield, T.D., 2010.  Intermediate accounting: IFRS edition  (Vol. 2). John Wiley & Sons. Radu, D. and Marius, D., 2011. Issues related to the accounting treatment of the tangible and intangible assets depreciation.  Annals of the University of Oradea: Economic Science,  1(2), pp.498-502. Rambaud, A. and Richard, J., 2015. The â€Å"Triple Depreciation Line† instead of the â€Å"Triple Bottom Line†: towards a genuine integrated reporting.  Critical Perspectives on Accounting,  33, pp.92-116. Warren, C.S. and Jones, J., 2018.  Corporate financial accounting. Cengage Learning.

Disscusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Disscusion - Essay Example The CDF (2014) affirms that no cases of the new H7N9 virus have been detected in people and birds within the United States. A number of avian influenza viruses have been able to cross the species barrier on a few occasions with the effect of having a varying impact on human health. Kreijtz et al, (2013), point out that the majority of the humans infected with avian virus have presented with severe viral pneumonia before they eventually became critically ill. These symptoms are supported by findings by the CDC (2014) which reports that while some relatively mild cases of human H7N9 infection have been reported with most of these patients being diagnosed as having severe respiratory illnesses, an alarming one-third of infections result in death. The pandemic potential of the H7N9 virus is evidenced by the fact that the estimated mortality rate of one-third of infected patients provided by the CDC (2014) is found to be similar to the results of an epidemiologic study that was conducted on 82 confirmed cases of persons infected with the H7N9 virus in china by Li et al. (2013). In the study, it was found that the mortality rate for the disease was at about 21%, however, Li et al, (2013), highlighted the fact that this percentage was quite likely to increase as most of the patients in the study who were confirmed as having the H7N9 virus infection remained critically ill. Attempts to try and control the spread of the avian A (H7N9) virus by the controlled culling of birds in affected areas might not be particularly successful as is shown by the results of a study conducted by Olson et al, (2013). In the study, the researchers established that controlling human infection with the H7N9 avian influenza subtype by the culling of birds might prove to be quite challenging as a result of the probability that some of the infected domestic flocks might be asymptomatic. Olson et al, (2013), also

Centre for Renewable Energy Sources Literature review

Centre for Renewable Energy Sources - Literature review Example Ocean wave’s energy is solar energy in its concentrated form. Cruz (2008) describes the process of wave creation as follows: â€Å"the sun produces temperature differences across the globe, causing winds that blow over the ocean surface. These cause ripples, which grow into swells.† (p.1) Ocean waves are distinguished by the highest level of energy density in comparing with other energy sources. Brooke (2006) asserts that the density of wave energy just below ocean surface is five times higher than the density of energy of wind 20m above the sea surface, and 20 to 30 times than the density of solar energy. The theoretical potential of electricity production by using of waves is enormous, according to Tulloch (2010); it can reach up to 80,000 Terawatt hours a year, â€Å"almost five times the world’s annual electricity consumption†. Drew et al (2009) mention several other characteristics of ocean waves providing significant advantages of using them for ener gy production: Ocean wave’s energy is solar energy in its concentrated form. Cruz (2008) describes the process of wave creation as follows: â€Å"the sun produces temperature differences across the globe, causing winds that blow over the ocean surface. These cause ripples, which grow into swells.† (p.1) Ocean waves are distinguished by the highest level of energy density in comparing with other energy sources. Brooke (2006) asserts that the density of wave energy just below ocean surface is five times higher than the density of energy of wind 20m above the sea surface, and 20 to 30 times than the density of solar energy. The theoretical potential of electricity production by using of waves is enormous, according to Tulloch (2010); it can reach up to 80,000 Terawatt hours a year, â€Å"almost five times the world’s annual electricity consumption†. Drew et al (2009) mention several other characteristics of ocean waves providing significant advantages of usi ng them for energy production:†¢ Relatively low negative environmental impact. It is generally considered that using of waves as the source of renewable energy does not cause CO2 emissions.†¢ Waves are much stronger in winter by nature, so seasonal variability of their energy follows the electricity demand in temperate climates.  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Waves also can transfer energy on large distances with little losses.†¢ Wave power devices can produce electricity up to 90 percent of the time, while wind and solar power devices only 20–30 percent (p.888).

Benazir Bhutto’s Personal Life Essay Example for Free

Benazir Bhutto’s Personal Life Essay She was born at Pinto Hospital in Karachi, on 21 June 1953. She was the eldest child of former prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, a Pakistani of Sindhi descent. Her paternal grandfather was Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto. Bhutto was raised to speak both English and Urdu. English was her first language, while she was fluent in Urdu. Despite her family being Sindhi speakers, her Sindhi skills were almost non-existent. She was a bright student and a well mannered Lady of fine content. She served her life for Pakistan. She was Kind hearted and goal oriented person . On 18 December 1987, she married Asif Ali Zardari in Karachi. The couple had three children: two daughters, Bakhtawar and Asifa, and a son, Bilawal. When she gave birth to Bakhtawar in 1990, she became the first modern head of government to give birth while in office. Education: She attended the Lady Jennings Nursery School and Convent of Jesus and Mary in Karachi. After two years at the Rawalpindi Presentation Convent, she was sent to the Jesus and Mary Convent at Murree. She passed her O-level examinations at the age of 15.She then went on to complete her A-Levels at the Karachi Grammar School. After completing her early education in Pakistan, she pursued her higher education in the States. From Harvard University , she obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree. In June 2006, she received an Honorary LL.D degree from the University of Toronto .The next phase of her education took place in the United Kingdom. Bhutto’s father arrested: She returned to Pakistan where her father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, had been elected prime minister, but days after her arrival, the military seized power and her father was imprisoned. In 1979 he was hanged by the military government of General Zia Ul Haq. Bhutto herself was also arrested many times, and was detained for three years before being permitted to leave the country in 1984. She settled in London, but along with her two brothers, she founded an underground organization to resist the military dictatorship. When her brother died in 1985, she returned to Pakistan for his burial, and was again arrested for participating in anti-government rallies. She returned to London after her release, and martial law was lifted in Pakistan at the end of the year. Anti-Zia demonstrations resumed and Benazir Bhutto returned to Pakistan in April 1986. The public response to her return was tumultuous, and she publicly called for the resignation of Zia Ul Haq, whose government had executed her father. Prime Minister: She was elected co-chairwoman of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) along with her mother, and when free elections were finally held in 1988, she herself became Prime Minister. At 35, she was one of the youngest chief executives in the world, and the first woman to serve as prime minister in an Islamic country. she brought electricity to the countryside and built schools all over the country. She made hunger, housing and health care her top priorities, and looked forward to continuing to modernize Pakistan. Policies for women: During election campaigns the Bhutto government voiced its concern for womens social and health issues, including the issue of discrimination against women. Bhutto announced plans to establish womens police stations, courts, and womens development banks. Charges of Corruption: The French, Polish, Spanish and Swiss governments provided documentary evidence to the Pakistan government of alleged corruption by Bhutto and her husband. Bhutto and her husband faced a number of legal proceedings, including a charge of laundering money through Swiss banks. Her husband, Asif Ali Zardari, spent eight years in prison on similar corruption charges and once again, she was forced to leave her homeland. For nine years, she and her children lived in exile in London, where she continued to advocate the restoration of democracy in Pakistan. Asif Ali Zardari was released from prison in 2004 and rejoined his family in London In the autumn of 2007, in the face of death threats from radical Islamists, and the hostility of the government, Benazir Bhutto and her husband returned to their native country. Benazir Bhutto Murdered: Although she was greeted by enthusiastic crowds, within hours of her arrival, her motorcade was attacked after a campaign rally in Rawalpindi,by a gunman who fired at her car before detonating a bomb, killing himself and more than 20 bystanders. Bhutto was rushed to the hospital, but soon succumbed to injuries suffered in the attack. In the wake of her death, rioting erupted throughout the country. The loss of the countrys most popular democratic leader plunged Pakistan into turmoil, intensifying the dangerous instability of a nuclear-armed nation in a highly volatile region. Political Testament: In her political testament, Benazir Bhutto identified her son, Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, as her choice to succeed her as Chairman of the PPP. At the time of her death, Bialawal was only 19, still an undergraduate at Oxford. The party leadership agreed that his father, Asif Ali Zardari, would serve as acting chairman of the party until Bilawal completes his studies in England. Meanwhile, the PPP entered into a broad coalition, including the party of Bhuttos former rival Nawaz Al-Sharif, and scored an overhelming victory in the 2008 election. A member of the PPP, Yousaf Raza Gillani, was chosen to serve as Prime Minister. Later that year, President Musharraf resigned, and Asif Ali Zardari was elected President of Pakistan. Although Benazir Bhutto did not live to see these developments, the party she led and the causes she championed are in the ascendant, and her spirit pervades the political life of contemporary Pakistan. May Her Soul Rest In Peace,Amen

The Differences Between the UK and US Constitutions Essay -- Politics

The Differences Between the UK and US Constitutions The question invites an analysis of how the differences between the UK and the US constitutions establish the political systems in both countries, and further whether there is distinction between the political systems. Initially I will define what a constitution and a political system are. Subsequently in the main body of the text I shall analyse the differences between the constitutions, and how they influence each separate political system. Loosely defined, a constitution creates institutions and should state any definite power, indicates the relationship between different state institutions, and how the constitution can be amended. In my essay I shall illustrate the differing state institutions in America and Britain, who has the power according to the constitution, and accordingly which state institutions wield the power and authority, and additionally if the difference in ease of changing the constitution is responsible for a difference in political system. In my conclusion I shall assess whether my investigation is corresponding to the statement. Friedrich (1937) believed a constitution should be 'a system of effective regularised restraints on government action, therefore should be a statement of individual rights.'[1] This leads to the question, should a constitution include a Bill of Rights like the American constitution's amendments? In America there are freedoms in religion, speech and the press for example, yet Britain has no enforceable Bill of Rights in its constitution. There are essential rights and freedoms in the European Human Rights Act but this is at the h... ...rnment and Politics: An Introduction (Hampshire: Palgrave, 2001), p. 186. [2]James Q. Wilson, American Government (Boston: Houghton, 2000), 54. [3]Simon Hix, "Britain, the EU and the Euro," in Patrick Dunleavy, Andrew Gamble, Ian Holliday and Gillian Peele, eds., Developments in British Politics, (Hampshire: Macmillan Press Ltd, 2000), p.54. [4]Wilson, American, 32. [5]Vernon Bogdanor, "Britain: The political constitution," Vernon Bogdanor, ed., Constitutions in Democratic Politics (Aldershot: Gower, 1988), 56. [6]Hailsham cited in Bogdanor, "Britain," 66. [7]Richard Hodder-Williams cited in Joseph Hogan, "The no-win Presidency and contemporary presidential-congressional relationships," in Robert Williams ed., Explaining American Politics: issues and interpretations (London: Routledge, 1990), p. 48.

Critical Review †“The Fault in our Stars” by John Green Essay

The Fault in our Stars is a young adult novel written by John Green. It is based on the remission of a 16-year-old Thyroid cancer patient, Hazel Grace who relentlessly struggles to breathe. She attends a Cancer Kid Support Group where she meets Augustus Waters, a 17-year-old guy diagnosed with osteosarcoma. They form a close relationship and constantly share their love for a book called â€Å"An Imperial Affliction† written by Peter Van Houten who resigned from writing it halfway. Upon the desperation in finding out the ending, the two protagonists set off to Netherlands to meet the author. Their journey together reveals the themes of love, grief, loss, and both physical and mental pain. Throughout the book, there are reoccurring metaphors of water and stars; water representing death and stars signifying hope, hence the name ‘The Fault in our Stars’. Each of these themes along with the repeated motifs the author creates, reaches out to the reader and causes them t o be drawn into the lives of the characters and their relation to each other. The two protagonists dread each day with the constant worry that they’d pass away any minute. Augustus and Hazel’s love for each other triumphs over struggle and hardship but â€Å"†¦ yet still [they] worried†¦ Worry is yet another side effect of dying.† The times when they are not contemplating what it means to be gone, they’re drawn into ‘An Imperial Affliction’ (AIA). John Green purposely made the characters metaphorically relatable to those in AIA so there is a meaning to the existence of the book. The two sweethearts chase their dreams all the way to Netherlands in order to meet up with Peter Van Houten, a â€Å"†¦rude, abrasive, and utterly drunk† father of a departed cancer kid. Hazel and Gus both reminded him of her, and the â€Å"circumstances that made him so cruel† and caused pain in his life. John Green intended on Peter Van Houten’s charisma to be the way he wrote it as he himself also â€Å"in tellectualize[s] emotionally painful experiences so that [he doesn’t] have to confront/process them emotionally.† Both authors are somewhat related with their thoughts and feelings. The Fault in our Stars introduced many deeper topics on various themes  relevant to today’s society. John Green â€Å"wanted to be ambiguous†; therefore he was able to accurately depict the characters in their current age, with their strong personalities, which were present through the whole novel. There are no negative aspects of the text, as every part was crucial in showing different emotions, and character traits. Hazel Grace had a strong personality, a complex train of thoughts, and thyroid cancer, as it’s â€Å"fairly similar to what [Green’s] close friend, Esther had†. The novel was mostly influenced by Esther, who died of thyroid cancer in August 2010, and â€Å"after she died, [Green] had to write [his] way through it, desperately looking for some hope in it.† The setting is also inspired by her; the problematic occurrences that cancer plays in the character’s lives. The many times throughout the novel where every character experiences love, grief, loss and pain causes you to â€Å"laugh†¦ cry, and then come back for more† – Markus Zusak. John Green does this by presenting many heart wrenching events, where physical pain is shown. The pain of Hazel suffering from breathing everyday, but the unconditional love between Hazel and Augustus over power all the sadness. He also explores motifs of stars and water, very deeply. He has metaphorical words for the stars and water. Stars representing wishes and water, representing the proximity of death, which is frequently talked about throughout the book as Hazel â€Å"†¦devotes quite a bit of [her] abundant free time to thinking about death.† Another heart throbbing novel, Looking for Alaska also by John Green is similar in a way where there are two protagonists who frequently engage in conversations, drawing them closer to each other, and allowing them to explore the different themes of love, loss and friendship. In summary, the author has successfully written a gripping novel. John Green presented situations relatable to the current teen culture by speaking in the mind of a teenager. I therefore applaud to his ability to write with every word sticking to the specific character trait each of them are supposed to portray. He has engaged the readers in every page, entitling it to being an award-winning novel.

Html Studyguide

The general syntax of a CSS style rule is selector { property1: value1; property2: value2; property3: value3; } Order in which style sheets are interpreted. The more specific style is applied instead of the more general. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Browser’s internal style sheet User-defined style sheet Author’s external style sheet Author’s embedded style sheet Author’s inline style sheet User-Defined Styles Almost all browsers allow users to modify the default settings of the internal style sheet. External Style SheetsTo link to an external style sheet use the following text directly above the closing head text tag: Embedded Style Sheets Styles are inserted directly within the head element of an HTML document using the style element: styles Or h1 {Color: red; Text-align: center;} The order in which external and embedded style sheets are processed depends on the order in which they are listed within the HTML file. In the below example the loads the external style sheet first and then the embedded SS. If the order were switched the imported SS gets processed after the embedded one. h1 {Color: red; Text-align: center;} Inline Styles Applied directly to specific elements using the style attribute: †¦ Importing Style Sheets To import a style sheet to a master style sheet use the @import statement BEFORE any other style rules: @import url(url); or for example @import url(sa_styles. css); Exploring the Style Cascade As a general rule of thumb, all other things being equal, the more specific style is applied instead of the more general . An additional factor in applying a style sheet is that properties are passed from a parent element to its children in a process known as style inheritance. body {color: blue;} h1 {text-align: center;} If you need browsers to enforce a style, you can append the ! important keyword to the style property, using the syntax: property: value ! mportant; Defining Color in CSS A color value is a numerical expression that describes the properties of a color CSS represents these intensities mathematically as a set of numbers called an RGB triplet, which has the format color: rgb(red, green, blue); color:#redgreenblue ; background-color: color; color: color; or or or or color: rgb(255,255,0); color:#FFFF00; background-color: rgb(255,255,0); or color:#FFFF00; or color:white; CSS also allows RGB values to be entered as hexadecimal numbers To set th e background color of an element, use the below property where color is a color name or a color value. To set the foreground or text color of an element, use the following property: color: rgb(255,255,0); or or CSS3 also supports the Hue Saturation Lightness (HSL) model that describes colors based on hue, saturation, and lightness hsl(hue, saturation, lightness) rgba(red, green, blue, opacity) hsl(360, 100%, 100%) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0. 8) hsla(360, 100%, 100%, 0. 2) CSS3 also allows page designers to augment RGB and HSL color with opacity where 0 = completely transparent and 1 = completely opaque. hsla(hue, saturation, lightness, opacity) or Selectors and Text Styles Web pages are structured documents in which elements are nested within other elements, forming a hierarchy of elements. To create styles that take advantage of this tree structure, CSS allows you to create contextual selectors whose values represent the locations of elements within the hierarchy: 1) 2) 3) 4) Parent elements Child elements Sibling elements Descendant elements Contextual Selectors Attribute Selectors Selectors also can be defined based on attributes and attribute values associated with elements. Two attributes, id and class, are often key in targeting styles to a specific element or group of elements. Styling Web Page Text The default font used by most browsers is Times New Roman, but you can specify a different font for any page element using the property: font-family: fonts; or font-family: ‘Arial Black’, gadget, sans-serif; Setting Font Face and Sizes: Sizes can be relative or absolute. To define a font face, use the style property: font-family: fonts; font-size: size; letter-spacing: size; word-spacing: size; To specify the font style, use the below style where type is normal, italic, or oblique. ont-style: type; To specify the font weight, use the below format where type is normal, bold, bolder, light, lighter, or a font weight value. font-weight: type; To specify a text decoration, use the below format where type is none, underline, overline, or line-through. text-decoration: type; To transform text, use the below code where type is capitalize, uppercase, lowercase, or none. text-transform: type; To display a font variant of text, use the below format where type is normal or small-caps. ont-variant: type; You can combine most of the text and font styles into a single property using the shortcut font property font: font-style font-variant font-weight font-size/line-height font-family; Combining Text Format in a single style or or or font-family: ‘Arial Black’, gadget, sans-serif; font-size: 0. 5in; or font-size: 36pt; font-size: 0. 5in; or font-size: 3pc; or font-size: 1. 7em; To set a font size, use the below style property where size is a CSS unit of length in either relative or absolute units. To set kerning (the space between letters), use the following style property: To set tracking (the space between words), use the following style property: Designing a List To define the appearance of the list marker, use the style below where type is disc, circle, square, decimal, decimal-leading-zero, lower-roman, upper-roman, lower-alpha, upper-alpha, lower-greek, upper-greek, or none. list-style-type: type; To insert a graphic image as a list marker, use the style below where url is the URL of the graphic image file. ist-style-image: url(url); To set the position of list markers, use the style below where position is inside or outside. list-style-position: position; To define all of the list style properties in a single style, use the following style: list-style: type url(url) position; To set the indentation of a list, apply the style below where size is the length that the list should be indented. padding-left: size; Using Pseudo-Classes and Pseudo-Elements A pseudo-class is a c lassification of an element based on its current status, position, or use in the document selector:pseudo-class {styles;} Structural Psuedo Classes

Describe the work and organisation of the people working at Bletchley Park Essay Example

Describe the work and organisation of the people working at Bletchley Park Essay Example Describe the work and organisation of the people working at Bletchley Park Essay Describe the work and organisation of the people working at Bletchley Park Essay Throughout WWII determining the combat plans of the enemy proved to be imperative. Britain was finding the war very difficult in the first two years and the ability to foretell when and where hits were going to take place was crucial. The main institution that mastered this vital war technique was Bletchley Park. This was a large Mansion into which the government moved its Govt Code and Cipher School. The main thing that Bletchley Park, under the dummy name of Captain Ridleys Shooting Party was aiming to achieve was to be able to crack the codes that the Germans used to broadcast their war plans between each other. The main code being used by the Germans was called the Enigma code, it was very important that they crack this code as the war was not going well for the Allies in 1939. The Germans were prevailing in most of Europe and Britain had been saved by the Royal Air Force who won the Battle of Britain. In response to this Hitler launched the Blitz which involved night time saturation bombing (or raids) of large inner city areas which was theoretically to cripple industrial productivity and lower morale. This was supposed to make Britons more desperate for peace. The code cracking began in that year. There had been attempts to crack the codes by the Polish but were not secret enough about it and so the Germans just kept changing their codes more regularly. There was a wide array of people with different skills working at Bletchley Park. Most of the employees were maths orientated minds, chosen from top universities, particularly from Oxford and Cambridge. There were many different departments e.g. one for army codes and one for naval codes and each department had its own hut somewhere on the premises. Source D is a description of the work in hut 3 it says Material came in from hut 6They had to translate them into English This shows just how departmentalised the establishment was and how each hut was crucial to the operation. The workers were sworn to absolute secrecy and were simply told that what they were doing was extremely important for their country. The confidentiality was even mentioned and praised by Sir Winston Churchill who said that Bletchley Park was The goose that laid the golden egg and never cackled An example of this concealment is found in source A. I hadnt a clue what was going on in the rest of the park and nobody else had a clue what we were doing, except the real high-ups. This source suggests that although each hut knew exactly what they were doing for their department but did not know what happened in other huts and how their work fitted into the jigsaw of Bletchley Parks code breaking. The high-ups that the source mentions perhaps include Alan Turing, Max Newman, Tommy Flowers and Heath Robinson all of whom had great influences on the building of the Colossus computer and the cracking of the Enigma and Lorenz ciphers. The reason the government chose their code breakers so carefully was because the task at hand was extremely difficult. The chances of breaking the codes were very slim, a massive 150,000,000,000,000,000,000 to 1. To help them to even start breaking the codes the intelligent scholar-turned-code breakers built the worlds first computer, Colossus. This proved vital for cracking both the main enigma code and also the Lorenz cipher, used by higher up ranks such as the generals and even Hitler himself. The workers monitored every message whi ch was sent from listening stations and passed them on to Bletchley Park for these workers to attempt to interpret. The actual work at Bletchley Park involved was quite complicated however because of the wide range of workers, each person would be doing the same thing over and over, for this reason the job was often very boring. The hours were also long considering the boring and yet difficult work such as writing down ninety letters a minute which had to be understood from Morse code. Source H shows the confined space in which the many people would have to carry out their monotonous tasks for many long hours. The job was also often very mystifying as most people did not have clearance to fully understand the degree of importance of the job; this made many people unhappy because as far as they were concerned they could have been doing the tedious job for nothing. Source B suggests this. It is a woman who worked there, upon arriving she said that Most people thoughtthat nothing would happen and we would all go back to London. This shows the lack of understanding, on the workers part, of the scale of the operation. After reviewing the evidence from the sources and working from my own knowledge and deduction I think it was vital to crack the German codes with the best intelligence there was and to keep the fact that they were being broken a secret, however, I think that the hours of tedium were at times unnecessary.

Best Self Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Best Self - Essay Example I am also ambitious and can imagine things on my own. As far as my hobbies and pastimes are concerned, I write poetry as I believe this is something that holds a lot of value for me. I also indulge in photography and love traveling around new places and destinations. This excites me endlessly. Also reading is something that comes very naturally to me. My qualities include leadership skills, efficiency and skills to take on any job at any time. In addition, I am unselfish and take very little stress. I like to acquaint new places and explore buildings and architectures. I also have a liking for seas and water in essence. I am a firm believer of the green architecture and how this has shaped up the world in this day and age. Sunset and sunrise are some of the most significant pleasures that I derive from the different moments happening in a day. What others think of me is also important to me. My mother believes in me and she knows that I am an honest individual. She knows that I yearn for family and the relationships that hold me with all of them at all times. One of my friends (Ahmed) is a Director in a bank. He asserts that I am respectable and have a dignity of my own. He knows that I can come up with all sorts of creative ideas.

Health promotion smoking during pregnancy Essay

Health promotion smoking during pregnancy - Essay Example When the pregnant mother inhales chemicals such as nicotine and carbon monoxide, they pass into the placenta. The placenta connects the mother to the baby and carries oxygen and nutrients to the baby. Therefore when the mother smokes the poisons, she prevents the unborn baby from getting nutrients and oxygen which are essential to ensure proper growth of the baby. Smoking during pregnancy has been associated with poverty, low education, psychological illness and poor support from those around the pregnant mother (Lumley, Chamberlain and Downswell 2009). A mother who smokes cigarettes increases the carbon monoxide that is in the bloodstream. This reduces the oxygen that is being availed to the baby. According to the American Lung Association, it estimates that 20% of low-birth weight babies, 10% of infant deaths and 14% of premature deliveries are caused by smoking by the mothers during pregnancy. Smoking during pregnancy leads to placenta complications where by the placenta moves and covers the cervix. This prevents the cervix from opening and hence delivery of the baby. This condition is known as placenta Previa. Mothers who smoke have a high risk of developing this complication during their pregnancy period. This condition leads to abnormal fetal growth (Harper, Odibo and MacOnes 2010). Great Britain is one of the countries in the United Kingdom which has recorded a high number of cigarette smokers. According to a report by Tobacco Advisory Group in Royal college, in 1948 the percentage of women smokers in Great Britain was 41%.This rose to 45% in the 1960’s.Statistics in England showed that in the year 2006, 32% of all expectant mothers smoked just before or during pregnancy. Women who are socially disadvantaged are likely to smoke during pregnancy. Pregnant women who smoke pose a threat to the health of their children. In United Kingdom maternal smoking has led to high rate of infant mortality. It has also led to